COMMERCE RESEARCH REVIEW

Green Disclosure Practices and Corporate Performance: A Predictive Indicator Model

Manish Swami, Asha Sharma — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Global warming and climate change have been the most challenging environmental problems the world is facing. This problem will affect the future of this planet which can be seen from different stances. Green disclosure refers to companies reporting their environmental impact, sustainability efforts, and eco-friendly initiatives. It aims to provide transparency about a company's commitment to environmental stewardship and its role in sustainable development. The study's three main goals are first, to examine the various theoretical frameworks that support green disclosure, giving readers a thorough understanding of the concepts, theories, and principles involved; second, to analyse and assess the green disclosure practices of a few chosen companies in the cement and automotive industries, showing how these sectors manage and report their environmental impact; and last, to develop a model that explains the significance of various green disclosure indicators, which will aid in evaluating and forecasting the environmental performance of companies. One-way ANOVA, correlation method, and neural network have been used to predict key indicators for the success or sound financial performance of the company. The result shows notable differences in the environmental disclosures made by the 26 companies chosen from the cement and automotive industries. The results imply that businesses with strong green disclosure policies vary from one another. Prediction of normalized importance material (GRI-1) found at the top priority with 80.4%, Biodiversity at 39.1%, and energy at 34.3% at second and third priority respectively

The Growth of Electric Vehicle Registration in the Regional Offices of Uttarakhand

Krishna Kumar Verma, Jyoti Singh — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

This study aimed to study the current status of electric vehicles in Dehradun and Uttarakhand. The secondary data related to
different types of cars registered in RTO offices in different years based on the wheeler and fuel were collected from the RTO
office for 2014, 2018, 2019, and 2023. The data were classified according to time, i.e., 2014, 2018, and 2019, to see the
changing behavior of vehicles sold by different agencies in the district. The CAGR is the annual growth rate vehicle. The
growth of vehicles in the market increased at an increasing growth rate (245 percent) during 2021 and (505 percent) in 2022.
The simple growth rate of electric two-wheelers was estimated to be 779 percent growth during 2018 over the preceding
year 2017 and 523 percent during 2017 over the preceding years. The study concluded that consumers' interest has shifted
from non-electric vehicles to electric vehicles.

Workforce Diversity as a Driver of Employee Performance: Perspectives from Institutions of Higher Education

Umme Ara, Sarika Sushil — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The study analyzes the role of workforce diversity in shaping employee performance. within higher education settings,
emphasizing gender diversity (GD), age diversity (AD), and experience diversity (ED). The research is grounded on a
quantitative approach, utilizing a standardized survey that was given to administrative and academic staff in higher
education institutions in Allahabad. The study employed regression analysis to analyse the association among considered
diversity variables and employee performance (EP). The findings reveal that all three aspects of diversity dimensions
significantly influence employee performance, with the regression model yielding the equation EP = 1.885 + 1.840 GD +
1.291 AD + 2.348 ED. This suggests that gender diversity, age diversity, and experience diversity positively contribute to
enhancing employee performance, with experience diversity having the most substantial effect. The findings underscore the
significance of cultivating a workforce with diversity to improve organisational outcomes in the higher education sector.
This study contributes to the growing corpus of research on workforce diversity and the influence it has on for employee
performance, providing insightful information to institutional leaders and legislators who want to establish inclusive and
productive workplaces

Non-Performing Asset Management in Indian Banking: A Comparative Study of Public & Private Sector Banks

Madhu Bhartia Bhartia, Anjanee Kumar Rai — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

NPAs represent a major hurdle for the banks, posing substantial threats to financial stability. Often described as a doubleedged
sword, NPAs fail to produce revenue while simultaneously weakening a bank’s financial health. Instead, they compel
banks to allocate provisions, thereby eroding profitability. The escalating levels of NPAs in banks carry wide-ranging
consequences for the economy, disrupting credit flow and hindering overall economic growth. Using aggregate data from
2020 to 2024, this study attempts to investigate NPA management practices at selected banking sectors. The study integrates
both theoretical and empirical perspectives on NPAs. It delves into the classifications and root causes of NPAs while
analysing essential financial ratios associated with NPA performance. Gross nonperforming assets to Advances ratio is also
examined using an ANOVA test to determine whether there is a notable distinction between the various selected banking
sectors. The study's findings indicate that over the analysis period, gross NPAs at government owned banks increased
steadily. According to projections for 2025, government owned banks are anticipated to face more challenges in managing
NPAs than private and international banks. However, the results of the ANOVA test indicate that 2020 to 2024, there was no
difference between selected banks' gross non-performing asset to gross advance ratios.

Strategies for Success in Aerospace: The Innovative and Disruptive Power of Reusable Rockets

Ishita Prakash, Niraj Pandey — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Rocket reusability will be a revolution in the aerospace industry, compelling new models of fabrication of launch vehicles
and outer-space exploration. This paper explores the transformative nature of reusable rocket technology as innovational,
cost-cutting, and sustainable. A reusable rocket can be launched multiple times without necessitating the use of a different
rocket. The cost has come down to the kilogram when it goes into space. Companies like Space-X and Blue Origin have
brought this within the range carried by such rockets. Such research is also taken to a deeper level to look into the wider
disruption caused by these technologies at the governmental and private levels, new opportunities through satellite
deployment, space tourism, and interplanetary missions. Strategic approaches followed by aerospace companies are
innovation with iterative testing for cost optimizations. Results focused on demonstrating potential for inside-out
innovation to achieve space or economic feasibility, making the space accessible for human beings. As such, strategic
models in this research may also be applied in other sectors of high-tech industries as they look to break through into new
innovations

Employee Engagement: Roadmap Towards Sustainable Future

Shivani Pandey, Sarika Sushil — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The study intends to investigate how important employee involvement is in promoting sustainability, taking into account
how businesses might strategically align engagement initiatives with long-term sustainability goals. The study uses a
thorough review of existing literature and case studies to evaluate the effects of engagement practices on organizational
sustainability. Employee engagement has emerged as an important factor in achieving sustainable organizational outcomes,
particularly in today's rapidly changing business environment. It specifically focuses on the integration of employee voice,
well-being, and leadership styles as core components of sustainable engagement.
The findings reveal that engaged employees contribute positively to organisational sustainability through enhanced
productivity, innovation, and a greater sense of ownership over environmental and social initiatives. Furthermore, fostering
open communication, well-being, and inclusive leadership was found to be essential for maintaining sustained interest. This
document provides a road map for organizations seeking to integrate employee engagement into their sustainability
strategies, ensuring both employee fulfilment and organizational resilience.

Innovation in Financial Services: Disrupting Traditional Banking with Fintech

Srishti Chandel — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 17:22:12 +0530

Fintech's explosive expansion has drastically changed the global financial scene, especially by upending established
banking structures. The paper addresses the primary forces driving the emergence of fintech, how it is changing traditional
banking procedures, and the tactics used by well-established financial institutions to stay competitive. Fintech innovations
are growing in popularity among consumers because of their user-friendly, easily available, and effective financial services.
The findings reflect that fintech technologies, including robo-advisors, peer-to-peer lending, digital wallets, and rapid
payments, are revolutionizing the banking business. Fintech's growth is being driven by advances in digital technology,
changing client demands, and regulatory support. Traditional banks are investing in digital technologies, establishing
innovation centers, and incorporating cutting-edge technology into their offerings. They are also stepping up cybersecurity
and advocating for regulatory changes to equalize the playing field with fintech disruptors.

Digital Banking: Transforming Consumer Habits in the Modern Financial Landscape

Neeti Sharma, Brahmdev Singh — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Knowing how digitalisation affects consumer behaviour is crucial as it continues to change the banking services industry.
This study looks into the relationship between customers' use of online banking and their financial management techniques
in Delhi NCR. The study employed a primary research approach with a sample size of 123 respondents to investigate the
motivations behind online banking use and how it influences financial decision-making. The results indicate that consumers
primarily use online banking because of its exceptional ease of use, using it for both transactions and more general financial
management needs. The study does, however, point out some limitations, the most significant of which being the time limits
that were present during the data gathering process, which might have impacted how thorough the results were. By
illuminating the subtleties of consumer behavior in the context of online financial services, this study adds to the growing
conversation on online banking. It also highlights the need for more study to completely understand the intricate
mechanisms underlying online banking and how they impact financial practices.

Indian Financial System and New Economic Paradigm: Bridging Gaps through Financial Literacy

Sakshi Agrawal — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Market modernization and globalization have accelerated since economic liberalization in 1991, bringing revolutionary
changes to the Indian financial sector. Improvement has been made, but still, there are many obstacles to overcome before
the great majority of Indians can enjoy stability, financial inclusion, and literacy. The financial system in India evolves
quickly in answer to changes in the global market, advances in technology, and changes in domestic legislation. Financial
literacy is essential to ensure development, stability, and inclusion in this new economic scenario. This study is descriptive.
This study focuses on how the Indian financial system is currently doing, the gaps brought about by recent economic
changes, and by what means financial literacy could benefit from closing these gaps. The study emphasizes the need to
prepare individuals with financial literacy to allow informed decision-making and economic involvement by examining the
links between financial literacy and prominent industries including banking, digital finance, and financial inclusion.

Leveraging Public-Private Partnerships to Fund Infrastructure Projects in India

Sayan Basu — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

India has been afflicted by a severe lack of infrastructure. Because it thinks the public-private partnership (PPP) model is the
most effective way to bridge this gap, the Indian government has launched a number of projects in this area. This essay
discusses the foundations of PPP and how it functions in India. One of the primary issues is funding for infrastructure. This
research paper discusses some of the problems that beset infrastructure finance in India, including an over-reliance on
commercial banks for debt repayment, a lack of funding from infrastructure finance firms, difficulties with external
commercial borrowing, a lack of mezzanine financing, the partial availability of insurance, pension, and provident funds,
and non-financing issues.
Other recent innovations like debt bonds for infrastructure, relaxed regulations for borrowing from the outside world, and
equitable departure plans are all examined. The study suggests several financial changes that are required for PPP finance in
India, such as raising the cap on funding for viability gaps, permitting balloon payments, permitting foreign direct
investment, promoting corporate bonds, and creating infrastructure corpuses