Socio-Economic Conditions of Textile Workers in Ludhiana: A Comprehensive Study of Labour Market Dynamics

Abstract

This study examines the socio-economic conditions of textile workers in Ludhiana, one of India’s largest
textile hubs. Based on a survey of 520 respondents from a workforce of 2,604 across 17 textile units, the
research explores critical aspects of employment, wages, working conditions, and socio-economic
disparities. The study distinguishes between the organized and unorganized sectors, revealing substantial
wage gaps, inadequate housing, and limited access to education. Furthermore, the research highlights the
prevalence of gender-based wage differences, with women workers facing higher job insecurity and lower
pay. The paper also investigates the socio-cultural dynamics of caste, with workers from marginalized
communities often occupying lower-skilled and lower-paid positions. A notable finding is the heavy
reliance on migratory labour, which exacerbates living and working conditions, as well as limiting upward
social mobility. The study emphasizes that addressing educational barriers, improving wage structures, and
enhancing living conditions can significantly improve workers' quality of life. By bridging these gaps, the
research suggests that policy interventions could not only benefit workers but also enhance the economic
growth potential of Ludhiana's textile sector. This study provides new insights into the complex labour
market dynamics within the textile industry, contributing to the understanding of labour market inequalities
in India.